Article about Plagiarism

PLAGIARISM

    A.    What is Plagiarism ?

·         According to www.artikata.com plagirism is “ taking essay (opinion and so on) other people. And it becomes as if the essay (opinion and so on) self. For example : publish work other people in the name of  oneself ; cheating.” Sources : KBBI3.

·         According to www.yourdictionary.com Plagiarism is “when you copy someone's work and try to pass it off as your own. Plagiarism can be a violation of copyright laws and can be considered cheating, resulting in you getting a failing grade or even being kicked out of school. Students can plagiarize, but so can anyone who submits any type of writing. “

·         So, The conclusion of plagiarism is taking someone’s essay, opinion  or copyright to be her own/his own or An organisation own.

    B.     Different Types of  Plagiarism

·         Deliberate plagiarism

This needs little explanation because it is the simple - and totally wrong - act of attempting to pass off someone else's work as your own.

·         Paraphrasing

A little more strategic, this one - basically, you read a few texts, write down a few key sentences, change the words around, throw in a few quotes and citations to throw your tutor off the scent and 'hey presto' you have the perfect essay, right? Wrong!

Your tutors have read those books and seen this scam before. As with the first example, this type of plagiarism can only be done deliberately and it won't work.

·         Patchwork paraphrasing

Much as above, except that you've read and stolen from more books and 'patched' them together - easily detectable, deliberate and definitely deceitful, aided and abetted by online plagiarism!

·         Bluffing

Reading texts, selecting key phrases and then writing around them so that they seem different but are actually the same - this type of plagiarism is bluffing in the worst way because you are pretending ownership of ideas in order to fool others into thinking you know more than you do.

·         Stitching sources

This type of plagiarism is within the 'grey zone' because all the sources used are usually correctly cited but the student needs to develop analytical skills to enable them to work effectively and produce work that is truly their own. So, this is still plagiarism but probably accidental and due to inexperience.

·         Using a copy of your own work

This one may surprise you because plagiarism of this type is not based on stealing the work of others but on reworking your own. You know the scenario, you have covered the topic or topics before, gained a good grade and are now short on time so you think you'll piece them together and produce a successful amalgam. Unfortunately, you can't get two grades (or degrees) for the same work so even if this is done in innocence, it is still classed as plagiarism.

C.    Five Types of Plagiarism

·         Copy and Paste Plagiarism

"Any time you lift a sentence or significant phrase intact from a source, you must use quotations marks and reference the source."

·         Word Switch

"If you take a sentence from a source and change around a few words, it is still plagiarism. If you want to quote a sentence, then you need to put it in quotation marks and cite the author and article. But quoting Source articles should only be done if what the quote says is particularly useful in the point you are trying to make in what you are writing."

·         Style Plagiarism

"When you follow a Source Article sentence-by-sentence or paragraph-by-paragraph, it is plagiarism, even though none of your sentences are exactly like those in the source article or even in the same order. What you are copying in this case is the author's reasoning style."

  

·         Metaphor Plagiarism

"Metaphors are used either to make an idea clearer or give the reader an analogy that touches the senses or emotions better than a plain description of the object or process. Metaphors, then, are an important part of an author's creative style. If you cannot come up with your own metaphor to illustrate an important idea, then use the metaphor in the Source Article, but give the author credit for it."

·         Idea Plagiarism

"If the author of the source article expresses a creative idea or suggests a solution to a problem, the idea or solution must be clearly attributed to the author. Students seem to have a hard time distinguishing author's ideas and/or solutions from public domain information. Public domain information is any idea or solution about which people in the field accept as general knowledge. For example, what a black hole is and how it is defined is general knowledge. You do not need to reference a general description of a black hole. The escape velocity of earth is also general knowledge and needs no reference. The distance to the center of the Galaxy is also general knowledge. However, a new idea about how to look for black holes or a new solution to a physics problem needs to be attributed to the authors. If you don't know what is accepted as public domain in a particular field, ASK."

D.    Examples of Plagiarism

Here are some examples of plagiarism :

• A writer decides that he wants to create an Internet website to generate ad revenue. Instead of writing his own articles, he visits twenty other websites that have articles on the topic in which he is interested. He copies each of the articles, changes the titles and the authors' names to his name and posts the articles on his own website. 
• An academic is expected to publish papers but he doesn't have time to research because of family obligations. He looks through old professional journals in another country and he copies a 10-year-old article from someone else in the field. He submits the article as his own and hopes that no one finds the article from which he copied. 
• A student is expected to write a book report about a book that his teacher has assigned. The student doesn't want to read the book and is bored with the subject. He visits websites that provide reviews and book reports and he copies from each of the different book reports to create one report of his own. 
• A student is expected to write a research paper on a topic in his history class. The student had a friend who took a similar class five years ago. The student asks his older friend for a copy of his paper and then takes the paper and passes it off as his own, turning it in to the teacher with his name on it. 
• A student takes a large block of text from a book and quotes it in his paper word-for-word. The student puts a footnote into the paper indicating where the text came from; but, the student does not give any indication in the text that he or she is quoting directly from the paper. 

E.     Another example of Plagiarism

Here’s the original  text, from page 1 of Lizzie Borden: A Case Book of Family and Crime in the 1890s by Joyce Williams et al. :

The rise of industry, the growth of cities, and the

expansion of the population were the three great

developments of late nineteenth century American

history. As new, larger, steam-powered factories

became a feature of the American landscape in the East,

they transformed farm hands into industrial laborers,

and provided jobs for a rising tide of immigrants. With

industry came urbanization—the growth of large cities

(like Fall River, Massachusetts, where the Bordens lived)

which became the centers of production as well as of

commerce and trade.

Here’s an unacceptable paraphrase that is plagiarism:

The increase of industry, the growth of

cities, and the explosion of the

population were three large factors of

nineteenth century America. As steamdriven

companies became more visible in

the eastern part of the country, they

changed farm hands into factory workers

and provided jobs for the large wave of

immigrants. With industry came the growth

of large cities like Fall River where the

Bordens lived which turned into centers of

commerce and trade as well as production.

The preceding passage is considered plagiarism for two

reasons:

• The writer has only changed around a few words

and phrases, or changed the order of the original’s

sentences.

• The writer has failed to cite a source for any of the

ideas or facts.

If you do either or both of these things, you are

plagiarizing.

Note that this paragraph is also problematic because it

changes the sense of several sentences (for example, “steamdriven

companies” in sentence two misses the original’s

emphasis on factories).

     F.     Strategies for Avoiding Plagiarism

• Put in quotations everything that comes directly

from the text—especially when taking notes.

• Paraphrase, but be sure you are not just rearranging

or replacing a few words. Instead, read over what

you want to paraphrase carefully; cover up the text

with your hand, or close the text so you can't see any

of it (and so aren’t tempted to use the text as a

“guide”). Write out the idea in your own words

without peeking.

• Check your paraphrase against the original text to be

sure you have not accidentally used the same

phrases or words, and that the information is

accurate.

    G.    Plagiarism : What is this and How to Avoid it.

In college courses, we are continually engaging with other

people’s ideas: we read them in texts, hear them in lecture,

discuss them in class, and incorporate them into our own

writing. As a result, it is very important that we give credit

where it is due. Plagiarism is using others’ ideas and words

without clearly acknowledging the source of that

information.

To avoid plagiarizing, you must give credit whenever you

use:

• another person’s idea, opinion, or theory

• any facts, statistics, graphs, drawings—any pieces of

information—that are not common knowledge

• quotations of another person’s actual spoken or

written words

• paraphrase of another person’s spoken or written

Words

    H.    Conclusion is :

a.)  plagiarism is taking someone’s essay, opinion  or copyright to be her own/his own or An organisation own.

b.)  Types of Plagiarism is Copy and Paste Plagiarism, Word Switch, Style Plagiarism, Metaphor Plagiarism, and Idea Plagiarism.

c.)  To Avoid Plagiarizing you must give credit whenever you use :

·         Another person’s idea, opinion, or theory.

·         any facts, statistics, graphs, drawings—any pieces of

information—that are not common knowledge.

·         quotations of another person’s actual spoken or

written words

·         paraphrase of another person’s spoken or written

Words

References

Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia 3. Plagiat. Retrieved September 26, 2013. From www.artikata.com

Examples and what is Plagiarism. Retrieved September 26,2013. From www.yourdictionary.com

Indiana University(2011). Examples of Plagiarism, and of appropiate use of others’ words and ideas. Retrieved September 26, 2013. From www.indiana.edu/~wts/